Basima Nyaz Mohsin Al Mohammed1 and Nabaa Kadhim Hadi 2025. Measuring the Impact of Public Expenditure on the Balance of Payments Using the ARDL Model in Iraq for the Period (2004–2023). Jurnal Nuansa : Publikasi Ilmu Manajemen dan Ekonomi Syariah. 3, 4 (Oct. 2025), 99–110. DOI:https://doi.org/10.61132/nuansa.v3i4.2275.