Strategi Pemanfaatan Teknologi Digital untuk Mendukung Ekspansi Internasional pada Usaha Kecil dan Menengah

Edi Irawan

doi:10.61132/maeswara.v3i4.2098

Authors

Edi Irawan Universitas Teknologi Sumbawa

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.61132/maeswara.v3i4.2098

Keywords:

Digitalization, SMEs, Technology, Expansion, Internationalization

Abstract

Digitalization has been a key catalyst for change in the global business landscape, driving the transformation of companies' strategies, organizational structures, and operational models. For small and medium enterprises (SMEs), digital technology opens up great opportunities to expand market reach and compete in the international arena more effectively. Technologies such as e-commerce, social media, big data analytics, and cloud-based platforms enable SMEs to break through geographical boundaries, facilitate access to global customers, and accelerate product distribution and marketing processes. This paper explores the current academic literature that discusses the influence of digital technology on the internationalization of SMEs. A total of five relevant studies were analyzed to identify common patterns, challenges, and successful strategies in the use of digital technology. The results of the study show that the adoption of digitalization not only improves operational cost efficiency, but also encourages business model innovation, such as digital platform-based marketing, cross-border virtual collaboration, and the development of a more adaptive global business ecosystem. In addition, the ability to utilize digital technology gives SMEs a competitive advantage through access to real-time market information, personalization of offers, and more targeted branding strategies. However, the research also found obstacles, such as limited human resources, technological infrastructure, and digital literacy among SMEs. Therefore, synergy is needed between business actors, the government, and academia to support the acceleration of digital technology adoption through training, mentoring, and policies that support innovation. The paper also highlights future research opportunities, such as the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, automation, and blockchain in supporting the global expansion of SMEs. These findings are expected to be a strategic reference in designing sustainable internationalization policies in the digital era.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Aagaard, A. (2019). Digital business models driving transformation and innovation: Driving transformation and innovation. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96902-2

Autio, E., & Zander, I. (2016). Lean internationalization. Academy of Management Proceedings, 2016(1), 17420. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMBPP.2016.81

Autio, E., Kenney, M., Mustar, P., Siegel, D., & Wright, M. (2014). Entrepreneurial innovation: The importance of context. Research Policy, 43(7), 1097–1108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2014.01.015

Baldegger, R. J., & Schueffel, P. (2009). Le comportement d’internationalisation des PME suisses. Revue Internationale P.M.E., 22(1), 9–45. https://doi.org/10.7202/038608ar

Bejjani, M., Göcke, L., & Menter, M. (2023). Digital entrepreneurial ecosystems: A systematic literature review. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 189, 122372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2023.122372

Bharadwaj, A., El Sawy, O. A., Pavlou, P. A., & Venkatraman, N. (2013). Digital business strategy: Toward a next generation of insights. MIS Quarterly, 37(2), 471–482. https://doi.org/10.25300/MISQ/2013/37:2.3

Brouthers, K., Geisser, K., & Rothlauf, F. (2015). Explaining the internationalization of iBusiness firms. Journal of International Business Studies, 47, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1057/jibs.2015.20

Coviello, N., & McAuley, A. (1999). Internationalisation and the smaller firm: A review of contemporary empirical research. Management International Review, 39(3), 223–256.

Coviello, N., Kano, L., & Liesch, P. (2017). Adapting the Uppsala model to a modern world: Macro-context and microfoundations. Journal of International Business Studies, 48, 1151–1164. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-017-0120-x

Criado, A., Josep, R., & Knight, G. (2005). The phenomenon of early internationalizing firms: What do we know after a decade (1993–2003) of scientific enquiry? International Business Review, 14, 147–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2004.04.006

Foscht, T., Swoboda, B., & Morschett, D. (2006). Electronic commerce-based internationalisation of small, niche-oriented retailing companies: The case of Blue Tomato and the snowboard industry. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 34(7), 556–572. https://doi.org/10.1108/09590550610673626

Gankema, H. G. J., Snuif, H. R., & Zwart, P. S. (2000). The internationalization process of small and medium-sized enterprises: An evaluation of stage theory. Journal of Small Business Management, 38(4), 15–27.

Hannibal, M., & Knight, G. (2018). Additive manufacturing and the global factory: Disruptive technologies and the location of international business. International Business Review, 27(6), 1116–1127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2018.04.003

Hervé, A., Schmitt, C., Baldegger, R., & Schwab, K. (2016). TIMReview, April 2020, 1.

Iansiti, M., & Lakhani, K. R. (2017). The truth about blockchain: It will take years to transform business, but the journey begins now. Harvard Business Review, 95(1), 117–128.

Keupp, M. M., & Gassmann, O. (2009). The past and the future of international entrepreneurship: A review and suggestions for developing the field. Journal of Management, 35(3), 600–633. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206308330558

Knight, G. A., & Liesch, P. W. (2016). Internationalization: From incremental to born global. Journal of World Business, 51(1), 93–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2015.08.011

Kraus, S., Palmer, C., Kailer, N., Kallinger, F. L., & Spitzer, J. (2019). Digital entrepreneurship: A research agenda on new business models for the twenty-first century. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 25(2), 353–375. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-06-2018-0425

Kriz, A., & Welch, C. (2018). Innovation and internationalisation processes of firms with new-to-the-world technologies. Journal of International Business Studies, 49, 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-018-0147-7

Lu, J., & Beamish, P. W. (2001). The internationalization and performance of SMEs. Strategic Management Journal, 22(6–7), 565–586. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.184